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Difference between NIPT & genetic pre-natal carrier screening test

Wed, 24 Apr 2024 10:09:45 GMT

What is the difference between the non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) & the genetic pre-natal carrier screening test?

We have noticed bit of confusion among our parents regarding these tests, so we wanted to provide more information to clear things up. The non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) & the genetic pre-natal carrier screening test are two different & separate tests!

The the non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) , (otherwise known by different company names such as Harmony, Panorama, Verifi, Generation, Percept etc), tests for the risk of Down Syndrome & is done around 10 - 11 weeks of pregnancy. This test can also tell the sex of the baby & the risk of trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome) & trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome). It can occasionally suggest sex chromosome abnormalities. NIPT testing is about $400 & there is no Medicare rebate.

Pre-natal genetic carrier screening is a test that ideally should be done before you fall pregnant or as a part of the 'planning pregnancy' journey. However, most of healthy people do not necessarily see a doctor before pregnancy & instead see one in early pregnancy - & this is when they get offered this test. As of 1/11/23, this test has become free for patients who have Medicare, therefore it is offered as a part of standard care at your first visit. Patients who do not have Medicare can still have the test, but the cost of the test is significant.

Pre-natal genetic carrier screening tests for three genetic conditions: Cystic Fibrosis, Spinal Muscular Atrophy & Fragile X syndrome. Being a carrier for these conditions is considered more common than other genetic conditions, which are numerous but rare.

The Australian Government pays for the mother to be tested & if found positive for Cystic Fibrosis or Spinal Muscular Atrophy, the father will be tested for free (paid by Medicare). It takes both Mum & Dad to carry the gene for the baby to have a chance of inheriting both genes & therefore to have the condition. Even in the case of both parents being diagnosed as carriers, it doesn’t necessarily mean baby will inherit both genes.

The fragile X syndrome inheritance is in an X-linked dominant pattern. That means the mutated gene that causes it is located on the X chromosome.

Testing negative for Cystic Fibrosis significantly reduces the chance of having baby with Cystic Fibrosis but it doesn’t eliminate the risk completely as there are other rare gene mutations not covered in the test panel.

In your POGS folder (given at your first visit with POGS), you have an information brochure on this test (unfortunately only available in English at this time).

As you have experienced, our first visit is long & there are many things to cover - so it's important to ask questions & read all the information provided in your POGS folder. www.sonicgenetics.com.au also provides additional information on these tests.

If you haven’t got a referral for pre-natal genetic carrier screening & you would like to have the test, please ask us for a referral.

If you have already had a baby & the test was not offered, or was not free at the time of your pregnancy, please ask your GP & consider having the test before next pregnancy.

We hope this will help to clear the confusion regarding the non-invasive prenatal test (NIPT) & the genetic pre-natal carrier screening test.

Call (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au for an appointment with POGS or more information.

CMV Fact Sheet

Wed, 29 Nov 2023 07:25:16 GMT

Find out more about cytomegalovirus (CMV) by downloading our FACT SHEET.

Call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au if you need to make an appointment.

Endometriosis Symptoms

Tue, 07 Dec 2021 07:46:49 GMT

Endometriosis is a disorder in which tissue (similar to the lining of your uterus) grows outside of your uterine cavity.

This is a common gynaecological condition which affects up to 10% of women. Hormonal changes (throughout your menstrual cycle) affect the misplaced tissue, causing the area to become inflamed & painful. Over time, the tissue will grow due to the inflammation and break down. This then has nowhere to go and becomes trapped in your pelvis.

Symptoms of endometriosis include:

pelvic pain
painful periods
pain in the lower abdomen
cramps
heavy menstrual bleeding
bleeding between periods
reduced fertility
pain following sexual intercourse
bowel movement & urination discomfort or pain
nausea
fatigue
lower back pain
or even no symptoms at all

It’s important that if you do see two or more of the above symptoms, speak to your gynaecologist so they can monitor any changes.

Make an appointment with our specialist gynaecologists. If you don’t have a gynaecologist – we are specialists in not just obstetrics, but gynaecology too! So call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au if you need to make an appointment.

Nausea & Vomiting in Pregnancy

Tue, 07 Dec 2021 07:34:23 GMT

Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy is a common condition, with approximately 50% of women experiencing nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy.

Often called “morning sickness”, this can actually occur at any time of the day.

Typical morning sickness symptoms include:

A nauseous, queasy feeling, likened to seasickness or carsickness
Strong aversions to certain smells and foods
A nausea feeling that is often followed by hunger
A nausea that strikes after eating
Feeling nausea to the point of vomiting

While nausea and vomiting usually doesn’t harm your baby, it can affect your ability to go about your normal everyday activities! Some tips to combat these include:

Eat small, frequent meals and snacks to avoid an empty stomach but prevent a full stomach
Eat a low fat, low carbohydrate, high protein diet
Avoid mixing hot and cold foods
Avoid activity after eating
Avoid brushing your teeth after eating
Increase your fluids – drink at least 2 litres a day
Avoid rich, spicy or fatty foods (including smelling and cooking)
Eat dry crackers, ice chips or icy poles
Eat a high-protein snack prior to going to bed
Get plenty of rest
Rest either in a sitting position or in a propped lying position.
Wear travel sickness bands

If these techniques do not seem to ease the queasiness, talk to your doctor!

Call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au if you need to make an appointment.

Early pregnancy symptoms

Tue, 07 Dec 2021 07:28:05 GMT

For some women, symptoms of pregnancy appear in the first few weeks after conception. Most aren’t unique to pregnancy & can appear similar to pre-menstrual discomforts. As a guide however, here are some symptoms you may experience:

Constipation – occurs due to an increase in progesterone which causes food to pass slowly through the intestines
Spotting or small amount of bleeding (known as implantation bleeding), which happens when the fertilised egg attaches to the lining of the uterus. Implantation bleeding is usually a bit lighter in colour than a normal period and doesn’t last as long.
Cramps which are similar to menstrual cramps
Tender, tingly, more full or heavier breasts
Fatigue
Nausea
Food aversions or cravings
Headaches due to increased blood circulation
Mood swings due to the increase of hormones in your body
Faintness & dizziness

So if you miss a period or notice any of these symptoms on this list, you might want to take a pregnancy test – especially if you’re not keeping track of your menstrual cycle. Keep in mind home pregnancy tests work best if you wait to take them until at least a day or two after you miss your period.

If your test is positive, make an appointment with POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au. The sooner your pregnancy is confirmed, the sooner you can begin prenatal care!

Caesarean Sections – The Journey

Tue, 07 Dec 2021 07:21:47 GMT

The first six weeks postpartum is considered a “recovery” period due to the high level of strain your body has been put through – no matter how you gave birth! Looking after a new baby is hard for all parents, but it can be harder when you are recovering from a caesarean section.

The time it takes to recover from a c-section does vary from woman to woman, but we wanted to give you some tips to help with your recovery in the first 6 weeks:

Ask family or friends to help (or if you can afford it, organise paid help) so you can get as much rest as you can.
Do not lift any weight that is heavier than your baby and don’t lift anything that causes you pain.
Do your pelvic floor exercises. Even though you had a c-section, your lower abdominal muscles and pelvic floor muscles will still need strengthening.
Go for a mild walk every day, not just for physical health- you will notice this has emotional health benefits as well.
Eat a high-fibre diet to avoid constipation.
Drink plenty of water.
Use a wheat bag or hot water bottle on your wound.
Avoid sex until you feel comfortable.
Don’t be worried about numbness or itching around the scar, this is normal.
Avoid driving a car until your wound has healed.
Keep your wound clean and dry.
Call your doctor if you notice signs of infection (such as bleeding, fluid, or drainage; separation around the edges; or increased swelling, redness, or tenderness).

Call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au if you need to make an appointment.

Breast engorgement

Tue, 07 Dec 2021 07:15:58 GMT

Once you have given birth, your breasts are given a signal to start to produce milk. Blood flows to your breasts, and your milk usually comes in 1 to 4 days after birth. Breast engorgement is when your breasts get full and sore, which is common in the early days and weeks of breastfeeding.

You may notice your breasts will become to feel very full, hard and painful. Your nipples may also appear flattened and tight.

So why does engorgement happen? It usually occurs if your baby is not feeding properly, so the milk that is produced builds up. This is usually temporary – eventually you will produce just as much milk as your baby needs.

How to reduce the chance of breast engorgement:

You should feed your baby often and on demand (not by the clock)
Avoid giving your baby any fluids other than breast milk (unless medically required)
Don’t limit your baby’s time at the breast

To relieve breast engorgement, the best thing to do is to empty the breast, either by feeding your baby directly or by expressing your milk.

Some other tips to relieve breast engorgement include:

Take off your bra before breastfeeding & leave it off
Have a warm shower before you feed or apply a warm washer to the breast
Hand-express some milk before feeding your baby
Try applying pressure around the nipples to push fluid back into the breasts
While your baby is feeding, gently massage the breast in a downward motion from the chest wall toward the nipple
If inflamed, place a chilled gel pack or washed cabbage leaf over the breast
If you breasts still feel full after your baby feeds, express milk either by hand or with a breast pump

If you are still uncomfortable or if the engorgement does not improve, ask your doctor for advice!

Call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au if you need to make an appointment.

Pregnancy Safety Tips

Thu, 25 Nov 2021 03:43:41 GMT

Congratulations! You’ve just found out you are pregnant… so now what?

Here are a few tips to stay safe at the beginning stages of your pregnancy:

1. Get in touch with your GP to confirm the pregnancy.

2. Get in touch with POGS to make your first appointment!

3. If you smoke, now’s the time to quit. If you need help to stop smoking, ask your doctors.

4. Avoid alcohol as it can harm your baby’s development.

5. Make sure you get some early nights each week and take time out to rest, as early pregnancy can be exhausting!

6. Keep on moving! There’s no need to do HIIT sessions, but low intensity exercise such as a daily walk can be a great way to stay active.

7. Eat a healthy and balanced diet.

8. Try and avoid foods that are high in sugar, salt and fat.

9. Avoid eating raw or undercooked meat or eggs, unpasteurised milk, liver, pâté & soft cheeses.

10. Be caffeine wise: the current recommendation is that pregnant women have no more than 200mg of caffeine a day. This is equivalent to two mugs of instant coffee or four cups of medium-strength tea or hot chocolate.

11. Ask your doctor about supplements and ensure you’re getting the right ones.

12. Have a cat? Avoid changing the Litter Box.

13. Know what medicines are safe and talk to a health professional before taking any new medication or stopping any current medication.

14. Stay hydrated – drink plenty of water!

15. Check that your vaccinations are up to date.

16. Do your pelvic floor exercises

17. Tell your employer early on if you think your workplace is not safe for a pregnant woman.

Call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au for more advice or if you need to make an appointment.

Constipation in pregnancy

Thu, 25 Nov 2021 03:39:18 GMT

Pregnancy hormones are the culprit behind constipation, which is a common pregnancy problem. This is due to increasing progesterone levels which cause the muscles in your bowels to relax – meaning food hangs around longer in the digestive tract.

Your expanding uterus also takes up the space normally occupied by your bowel, which doesn’t help as it get’s a bit cramped in there! So here our top tips to cope with constipation:

Don’t hold it in – always go to the toilet when you first feel the urge
Introduce more fibre into your diet. This may include wholegrain cereal & bread, fresh fruit (such as apples, oranges, bananas, raspberries, blueberries, strawberries, mangos) & vegetables (such as artichokes, broccoli, kale, beet greens, carrots)
Try to avoid refined grains (white bread, white rice, refined cereals & pasta) when you can
Pelvic floor exercises can help keep you regular when practised regularly
Drink lots of water!
Moderate exercise such as walking, swimming, or yoga can help ease constipation

If you don’t find relief when completing the above, consult your midwife or doctor before using laxatives & stool softeners (especially herbal or homemade ones) as they may not be safe for use during pregnancy.

To make an appointment with POGS please call (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au.

How to keep your baby safe while sleeping

Tue, 16 Nov 2021 07:06:32 GMT

You may already know that the most important tip to keep your baby safe while sleeping is to keep them on their back – a recommendation that has contributed to an 85% reduction in SIDS deaths since the 90’s.

Here are a few more tips to ensure you always create a safe sleeping environment for your baby- day & night.

Keep them on their back, keep their head & face uncovered.
Keep your baby in a smoke free environment, before and after birth.
Place your baby in the cot with their feet close to the bottom end.
The mattress should be firm, flat and fit the cot/bassinet without any gaps around the edges.
Make sure your cot meets Australian standards.
There should be no large gaps between the bars of the cot.
Wrapping your baby may help them stay on their back – wraps should be loose enough to allow your baby’s hips to bend and chest to expand. Do not wrap your baby when they are unwell.
Use a baby sleeping bag with fitted neck and arm holes or lightweight bed covers which are tightly tucked (but do not use a doona).
Do not over dress your baby and keep their head uncovered to stop them from overheating.
Do not leave your baby sleeping unsupervised in a pram or stroller.
Items placed in the cot may cause suffocation, so do not place soft toys, cot bumpers, sleep positioning aids, sheepskin rugs or woollen underlays in your baby’s cot.

For further information you can chat with the POGS midwives or our doctors at your next appointment. To make one, please call us on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au

Common newborn characteristics

Tue, 02 Nov 2021 06:19:28 GMT

You may be curious about your baby’s appearance directly after birth. Below are some common elements of what you might expect your newborn baby to have.

Many of these will diminish as your baby grows but if you have any specific concerns about these characteristics in your baby, do not hesitate to reach out to us for advice!

Your baby will have a waxy, white coating to protect their skin.
A cone-shaped head formed during birth
Soft spots on your baby’s head where the bones will eventually join, called ‘fontanelles’
White little bumps on their face called ‘milla’
Skin rash, red blotches or patches of deep-pink skin on the face and neck
A bluegreen or grey birthmark that’s usually found on the lower back or buttocks (commonly called a ‘Mongolian spot’)
A paler skin tone
Swelling in the genital area
Peeling or cracking skin around the wrists or ankles
Downy fuzz on their backs, arms and ears
Swelling around the eyes and/or a red area in the white part of the eye
The hands and feet may look a little blue for the first few days, called ‘Acrocyanosis’ however if you notice other parts of the baby turning blue, contact your doctor ASAP

For further information you can chat with the POGS midwives or our doctors at your next appointment. To make one, please call us on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au

Newborn bath time

Tue, 19 Oct 2021 04:48:39 GMT

For the first few weeks of your newborn baby’s life, a gentle sponge bath is all you need to do, until the umbilical cord falls off & heals completely.

Here are some basics you need to keep in mind when bathing your newborn.

First you need to undress your baby – while cradling their head with one hand, you should expose only those areas that you are washing, leaving the nappy on as you will wash that area last.
Using a baby bath sponge or wash cloth, wash one area at a time: Behind the ears, Neck, elbows, knees – don’t forget in between fingers and toes and the creases under the arms.
Leave the hair toward the end of bath time so they don’t get cold. To avoid getting their eyes wet, tip the head back just a little. There’s no need for shampoo- just use water.
Then remove the nappy and sponge their belly & bottom
Wash little girls from front to back. If a little boy is uncircumcised, leave the foreskin alone. If circumcised, don’t wash the head until it’s healed.
Gently pat them dry, without rubbing the skin as that will cause irritation.
Now your baby is ready for a clean nappy and clean clothes!

Most of all – enjoy the bonding time with your babe! We hope these quick tips prepare you for your first few weeks of bath time.

For further information you can chat with the POGS midwives or our doctors at your next appointment. To make one, please call us on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au

Is my baby getting enough breastmilk?

Tue, 19 Oct 2021 04:39:58 GMT

We understand it is difficult for breastfeeding mothers to know exactly how much milk their baby is getting with each feed. However, with time and growing confidence you will be able to look for subtle signs that your baby is getting enough milk!

Signs that your baby is getting enough breast milk:

Your baby is having at least six to eight very heavy wet nappies each day
Their urine is pale and not concentrated
Their poos are soft & a yellow colour
Breastfed babies who are getting enough breast milk do not become constipated
Your baby is alert and responsive
They are having a steady weight gain when averaged out over a four week period
They are showing growth in length and head circumference
Their muscles can be felt underneath their skin
They are reasonably content for some time in between feeds

What you can do to ensure a good supply of breastmilk:

Track your baby’s growth on a chart
Make sure your baby is showing signs of good health
Make sure that your baby is attaching properly to the nipple
Offer both breasts and when your baby slows down their sucking, then “switch” them onto the other breast
Make sure you are eating a healthy and well balanced diet
Drink plenty of water, enough to satisfy your thirst
Avoid drinking too much caffeine such as tea, coffee, energy and cola drinks
Try to get as much rest as you can
Avoid exercising excessively or going on calorie restriction diets

Need advice from our midwives? Call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au if you need to make an appointment.

Pregnancy signs you shouldn’t ignore

Tue, 12 Oct 2021 04:07:49 GMT

If you’re worried that you might not be feeling “normal” during your pregnancy, that isn’t surprising, especially for your first pregnancy!

Here are some signs that you should be concerned about:

A temperature above 38°C with no cold or flu symptoms
Sudden swelling or puffiness of your hands, face or eyes.
Severe & unusual headache that lasts for more than two hours
Blood or fluid draining from vagina
A sudden increase in thirst alongside dark yellow urine
Urinating a lot more than usual or painful or burning urine (especially if accompanied by a temperature, shivering & backache)
Persistent vomiting
Fainting or dizziness
Sharp abdominal pain
You feel an absence or decrease in your baby’s movements after 24 weeks
Jaundice (yellow skin)
You’ve had a fall or a blow to the stomach
Thoughts of hurting yourself
Or… you just don’t feel right for a long period of time!

If you have any of these problems, call your midwife, GP or obstetrician straight away OR – go to the Emergency Room!

Call 000 or go to the Emergency Room (whichever is faster) if you experience:

Chest pain
Obstructed breathing or shortness of breath
Seizures

To make an appointment with POGS, please call us on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au

What is the Harmony Test?

Tue, 12 Oct 2021 03:57:49 GMT

The Harmony prenatal test is a DNA-based blood screening test for the most common chromosomal abnormalities, including Down syndrome.

This test can be performed as early as 10 weeks into pregnancy and was developed to be a more accurate prenatal screening test, minimising the chance that further testing would be recommended due to a false-positive result.

The Harmony prenatal test can screen for:

Down syndrome
Conditions caused by having an extra or missing copy of the X or Y chromosomes
The gender of your baby

Results will be provided to you as:

A“low probability” result (the test did not find evidence of specific chromosome conditions).
Or a “high probability” result (a larger or smaller amount of DNA than expected from a specific chromosome was found). This does not necessarily mean that the fetus has a chromosome condition & all results should be discussed with your healthcare provider.

Please be aware that the Harmony test is currently not covered by Medicare or Private Health Insurers . Speak to us to discuss all your options for prenatal screening.

To make an appointment with POGS please call (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au.

Coffee & Pregnancy

Tue, 12 Oct 2021 03:50:23 GMT

There’s a lot of talk about whether you need to give up your daily cup of coffee when pregnant. You may be happy to hear that you don't have to give up caffeine - BUT - you may want to cut down. If you have too much caffeine, there is a chance your baby could have a lower birth weight.

The current recommendation is that pregnant women have no more than 200mg of caffeine a day. This is equivalent to two mugs of instant coffee, four cups of medium-strength tea or hot chocolate.

Caffeine can be found in coffee, tea, colas and chocolate. Some over-the-counter drugs, including headache and cold tablets, stay-awake medications, and allergy remedies also contain caffeine. Always seek your pharmacist's advice before you buy over-the-counter remedies, don't forget to mention that you are pregnant.

Even the amount of caffeine in coffee and tea can vary widely depending on whether the coffee grounds or tea leaves are brewed or instant, weak or strong. Colas and other drinks vary in caffeine content, too.

The list below shows the average caffeine amounts in some common foods and beverages.
1 mug of instant coffee = 100mg
1 cup of instant coffee = 75mg
1 cup of brewed coffee = 100mg to 350mg, depending on beans and how it is made
1 cup of tea = 50mg
1 can of cola = 40mg
1 can of "energy" drink = 80mg
1 x 50g bar of plain chocolate = up to 50mg

Keep in mind that the caffeine content of espressos, and coffees based on espressos, such as cappuccinos and lattes, can depend on the outlet. One study found that caffeine levels can range from 50mg per espresso at one chain to as much as 300mg per espresso in another.

To reduce the caffeine in homemade hot beverages, brew them for a shorter time. If you love a soothing cup of Earl Grey, steeping your tea bag for just one minute instead of five reduces the caffeine by as much as half. Many tea companies now offer decaffeinated black or green teas.

If coffee fills an emotional need, such as your private coffee break, an early morning ritual or the perfect end to a meal, you could switch to a cup of decaffeinated coffee or tea. If you're hankering for an ice-cold cola, reach for the caffeine-free version at least some of the time or, better yet, try a glass of mineral water with a dash of lime cordial.

Need more advice or information? Call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au if you need to make an appointment.

Healthy eating while you’re pregnant

Tue, 12 Oct 2021 03:43:40 GMT

Now that you’re a mum-to-be, it’s important to eat well. This will ensure you get all the nutrients you and your developing baby need.

The Australian Dietary Guidelines recommend you enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods every day from these food groups:

Vegetables of different types and colours and legumes (such as chick peas and lentils
Fruit
Grain (cereals) including breads, rice, pasta, polenta, oats, couscous, quinoa and barley
Lean meat, fish, poultry, tofu, nuts and seeds, legumes and beans
Include milks, yoghurts, cheeses and/or alternatives, mostly low-fat.
Drink plenty of water.

If you know you haven’t been eating as well as you could, it is even more important to start having nutritious, well-balanced meals.

A suggested meal plan would look something like this:

Breakfast : Porridge made with milk, cinnamon and a tbsp apple puree. Freshly-squeezed orange juice OR Weetbix with Milk and Banana
Morning Snack : Handful of dried apricots and nuts OR Cruskits with Cheese and Tomato
Lunch : Warm Chicken and Avocado Salad with Slice of Pineapple OR Baked Potato with Small Tin of Baked Beans
Afternoon Snack : Banana OR Low Fat Yoghurt
Dinner : Chicken and mushroom risotto with a side salad OR Shepherd’s Pie with Carrots

Keep in mind if you have gestational diabetes you may have to change these slightly, for example remove the freshly squeezed orange juice at breakfast and look at having Grilled Chicken and Salad for dinner.

There are a range of online pregnancy eating plans, have a look and if you have any queries speak with the POGS midwives.

Ensure you speak to your doctor before taking on a new diet plan.

Need more advice or information? Call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au if you need to make an appointment.

Gestational Diabetes

Tue, 12 Oct 2021 03:34:03 GMT

Gestational diabetes (sometimes referred to as GDM) is diagnosed when higher than normal blood glucose levels first appear during pregnancy.

From 3 to 8% of pregnant women will develop gestational diabetes around the 24th to 28th week of pregnancy, however, some may be earlier.

While maternal blood glucose levels usually return to normal after the birth of the baby, there is a known increased risk for type 2 diabetes in the mother in the future.

You are at risk of developing gestational diabetes if you:

Are over 30 years of age.
Have a family history of type 2 diabetes.
Are overweight.
Are from an indigenous Australian or Torres strait islander background.
Are from a Vietnamese, Chinese, middle eastern, Polynesian or Melanesian background.
Have had gestational diabetes during previous pregnancies.

For many women, being diagnosed with gestational diabetes can be upsetting. However, it is important to remember that the majority of women with gestational diabetes have a healthy pregnancy, normal delivery and a healthy baby.

The treatment includes healthy eating, physical activity and monitoring and maintaining a normal blood glucose level.

If you have any questions about Gestational Diabetes, please do not hesitate to chat to the midwives or doctors at POGS.
You can also read the Gestational Diabetes FAQs at the Diabetes Australia website

Need more advice or information? Call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au if you need to make an appointment.

HOW TO: Prevent nappy rash

Tue, 12 Oct 2021 03:26:06 GMT

It’s common for babies to develop some diaper rash, but keep these tips in mind if you want to prevent and help heal it!

Change your baby’s diapers often and right after bowel movements.
Be gentle when cleaning the area, as wiping or rubbing vigorously can further irritate the diaper rash.
Use an ointment to prevent and heal rashes.
Let your baby’s bottom breathe! Let them go without a diaper for part of the day, placing them on top of a few diapering cloths.
If you use cloth diapers, wash them in fragrance-free detergents.

If your baby’s diaper rash happens often, lasts for more than 2 or 3 days, or gets significantly worse, if your baby has a fever with the rash or if the rash seems painful, is bright red, or has blisters, contact your regular doctor or call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au to speak to us or make an appointment.

Vaccinations

Thu, 30 Sep 2021 06:17:55 GMT

Pregnancy is a time when you need to take extra care of yourself to ensure you and your baby remain healthy. This includes checking that your vaccinations are up to date to ensure you have the best protection against common infectious diseases.

This is a general guide to immunisations for women who are pregnant or planning pregnancy.

Flu Season

Especially in flu season we want to stress the importance of pregnant women being immunised against the flu. We are reminding all of our patients at their visits, so please speak to the team or your GP about the flu vaccination which is essential to look after yourself and your baby.

Whooping Cough

This continues to be an important subject to discuss with family and friends. Babies are not protected from whooping cough until they have had their second immunisation at 16 weeks. It is important that family and friends who will be holding or touching your new baby have been immunised recently or have had their booster shot. The flu & whopping cough vaccine is free for pregnant women as part of the National Immunisation Program (NIP).

Other vaccinations

If you are planning a pregnancy, talk to your doctor, nurse or midwife about your past vaccinations and which vaccinations you might need.

Rubella (German measles) and Chickenpox vaccinations are also recommended for women who are planning a pregnancy.

Need more advice or information? Call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au if you need to make an appointment.

Vitamin D and pregnancy

Thu, 30 Sep 2021 06:12:48 GMT

Did you know that Vitamin D is extremely important for the development of your unborn baby? Your body needs vitamin D to maintain proper levels of calcium and phosphorus, which help build your baby’s bones and teeth.

Vitamin D deficiency is common during pregnancy, so how much vitamin D do you need?

Vitamin D dosage is a topic of debate. It is currently recommended that all women – whether or not they’re pregnant or breastfeeding – get 600 international units (IU) of vitamin D or 15 micrograms (mcg) each day. However, chat with your POGS doctor about how much vitamin D you need during pregnancy.

The best way to get Vitamin D is sunlight! During summer, this is much easier as you can go for a short walk during the early morning and that will ensure you get your Vitamin D. Aim for 20-30 minutes of sunshine per day. Winter is much harder, so the next best option is to find food sources.

Food sources of vitamin D

Fish liver oil, fatty fish, and eggs all contain vitamin D. But not many other foods contain vitamin D naturally, so a lot are fortified with this important vitamin. Be sure to check labels!

Should you take a vitamin D supplement?

Maybe, but your POGS doctors will make that decision. Since the skin uses the sun’s rays to produce vitamin D, we recommend some sun exposure but remember that during the peak times of 10am to 3pm its best to protect yourself with clothing and sunscreen!

If you have any queries about your Vitamin D levels, chat with the team and they will help relieve any concerns you might have.

Need more advice or information? Call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au if you need to make an appointment.

Dealing with Summer while pregnant

Thu, 23 Sep 2021 03:53:41 GMT

Summer in Perth means dealing with 30-40 degree days, which can be uncomfortable while pregnant!

Here are some tips to help you during the hot months:

Drink water regularly, sips all the time ensure you remain hydrated!
Rest – and enjoy resting.This is a time when you should take time out and put your feet up.
If you are exercising, make sure you don’t overheat too much. Look after yourself after exercising and ensure you keep your fluids up!
Float around in a pool and keep your body cool. Swimming lowers your body temperature and keeps you cool plus towards the end of your pregnancy it makes you feel buoyant!
Try and do any running around or jobs during the morning when its cooler, then once it gets warm its best to stay inside where its cooler.
Cool off with a damp washcloth over your head or spray bottle, a simple way to feel more comfortable.
If you can’t get to a pool, have a cool shower!

These tips will help you survive the hot summer months while pregnant… just remember, if you feel faint at any point – sit down, have some water and remember to take time during the day to monitor baby’s movement.

Need more advice or information? Call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au if you need to make an appointment.

After your baby is born

Thu, 23 Sep 2021 03:50:04 GMT

For a lot of women, the entire pregnancy focuses on the developing baby and both parents don’t get a chance to think about that first moment when they see their baby & what you should expect & do immediately after the birth.

After your baby is born, the most important thing is for you to spend quiet time together as a family. Ideally, you will have the chance to spend some quiet moments with your baby, cuddling and enjoying skin-to-skin contact.

Skin-to-skin contact is encouraged for the ﬁrst hour after the birth to promote breastfeeding, bonding and to keep your baby warm. You can do this after a caesarean birth as well, so long as everything has gone well.

You may notice that your baby has some swelling or bruising, or that their eyes look a little puffy. Babies who have been born vaginally may have an oddly shaped head from birth. This is normal and temporary.

Soon after birth, your baby will have their first feed (breast or bottle). The umbilical cord is clamped and cut. These days it has become something of a ritual for partners or support people to cut the cord. This won’t hurt your baby. Eventually, the dried piece of cord turns black, dries up and falls off ﬁve to seven days later.

Their Apgar score is recorded. Their weight is recorded. Vitamin K and Hepatitis B injections are given with your permission Make sure the three of you take the time as a new family before visitors start arriving.

This is it – the end of your giving birth journey! Now the fun begins…

Need more advice or information? Call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au if you need to make an appointment.

Iron in pregnancy

Thu, 23 Sep 2021 01:39:08 GMT

Your body makes more blood when you are pregnant because you and your baby are growing. It needs iron to make healthy blood. A blood test that looks at haemoglobin (Hb) levels is done during your pregnancy to tell if there is enough iron in your blood.

Your doctor may also check your ferritin level. This is a measure of the amount of iron you have stored in your body. Having low iron levels may result in anaemia. This will make you feel tired, have poor concentration and an increased risk of infection.

Pregnant women need 27mg iron each day. Meats are the best source of iron, the redder the meat, the higher it is in iron. This means beef, kangaroo and lamb are higher in iron than pork, chicken or fish. If you aren’t a big meat eater or you are a vegetarian, then the next best option includes foods such as wholegrain breads, legumes, green leafy vegetables (spinach, broccoli etc), nuts and fruit.

Women may experience constipation as a side effect from taking iron tablets. To reduce the effects of constipation it is important to eat more fibre (such as fruit, vegetables and legumes), be physically active and drink water regularly. Another option might be an iron infusion, but this is only done if iron supplements are not working and you are getting closer to your due date.

It is important to be aware that not all iron products are equal in potency, and in fact there are a few products that have minimal iron. Please chat with the midwives before purchasing anything so we can ensure its going to help you.

For further information about iron and iron supplements, chat to the midwives, you can be referred to a dietitian for assistance if you need help with your diet.

Need more advice or information? Call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au if you need to make an appointment.

Tongue & lip ties

Tue, 10 Aug 2021 02:38:21 GMT

Tongue-tie occurs when the thin piece of skin under the baby’s tongue (the lingual frenulum) restricts the movement of the tongue. In some cases the tongue is not free or mobile enough for the baby to attach properly to the breast.

Some babies with tongue-tie are able to attach to the breast and suck well. However, many have breastfeeding problems, such as nipple damage to the mum, poor milk transfer and low weight gains in the baby, plus mum can have recurrent blocked ducts or mastitis due to ineffective milk removal.

There are many signs that a baby’s tongue-tie may be causing problems with breastfeeding, but you don’t have to have all of them:

nipple pain and damage
the nipple looks flattened after breastfeeding
you can see a compression/stripe mark on the nipple at the end of a breastfeed (almost like lipstick)
the baby loses suction while feeding and sucks in air
the baby makes a clicking sound when feeding
the baby fails to gain weight well
regular gagging

It is important to note that all of the above signs can be related to other breastfeeding problems and are not necessarily related to tongue-tie.

A lactation consultant who is Internationally Board Certified (IBCLC) is the best person for recognising if there are tongue or lip ties.

If a tongue-tie is interfering with breastfeeding, then release (snipping) of the tight frenulum can improve the baby’s ability to breastfeed. This is done one of two ways – laser removal by a qualified paediatric dentist, or surgically by a paediatrician.

For further information about tongue and lip ties you can chat with the POGS midwives or speak with the SJOG Mt Lawley Lactation consultants for more information.

Call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au if you need to make an appointment.

Ultrasounds during pregnancy

Tue, 10 Aug 2021 02:24:51 GMT

There is a lot of talk about the safety of ultrasounds during pregnancy and many baby forums provide information that is often untrue and can be misleading for pregnant women.

Are scans safe?

Ultrasound scans have been used in pregnancy for decades, and there’s no evidence that they are harmful, if used according to the guidelines.

Will the way ultrasound works affect my baby?

Ultrasound sends high-frequency sound waves through your uterus (womb) that bounce off your baby. The echoes are turned into an image on a screen, so the POGS doctors or the sonographer can see your baby’s position and movements.

Studies have found no link between ultrasound and birth weight, childhood cancers, dyslexia or hearing. As almost all women want a scan during pregnancy, it’s hard to find women who have not had a scan to compare them with. During an ultrasound scan some heat is generated and is absorbed by the part of the body that’s being scanned. Antenatal scans produce less than one degree Celsius. It is only if the temperature of the scanned body tissue rises by four degrees C that harm may be caused.

The type of routine scanning used to get two-dimensional images of your baby uses a low intensity of ultrasound, and is spread over a large area. Your baby is moving, and the fluid he is in helps to spread any heat. This may help to reassure you further. 3D and 4D scans are just as safe as 2D scans, because the image is made up of sections of two-dimensional images converted into a picture. The power intensity is the same as it is for 2D scanning. Just a reminder that you have to photocopy the shiny printouts the POGS doctors give you as they are printed on thermal printers and tend to go black over time.

Call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au if you need to make an appointment.

Signs of Meningococcal infection in babies

Mon, 09 Aug 2021 07:18:19 GMT

Meningococcal is caused by bacteria which infects the blood and/or the membranes that line the spinal cord and brain. This disease can strike at any age, however babies under 12 months & children under 5 years are the most at risk. Most children survive meningococcal disease, but it can progress rapidly, so if it is not diagnosed or quickly treated this potentially devastating infection can cause serious disability or death within 24 hours.

In babies, typical symptoms may be harder to detect, but they may include:

A temperature above 38°C
A high-pitched, moaning cry
Irritable, agitated or unsettled
Not waking for feeds or being difficult to wake, lethargic or floppy
Vomiting
Pale or blotchy skin
Rash on the skin (small red or purple spots that do not blanch when you press on them with a finger

Symptoms often begin suddenly but may take up to 10 days to appear after being in contact with the bacteria. Some symptoms can be easily mistaken for a common cold and the distinctive meningococcal rash is an advanced symptom may not occur. If you notice these signs of meningococcal infection, attend the nearest hospital emergency department, or immediately see a doctor (whichever is faster) as early treatment with antibiotics is the key to survival.

Much like other infectious diseases, meningococcal is spread via coughing & sneezing, due to tiny drops of fluid from the nose and throat. However, the bacteria can only live outside of the body for a few seconds so you can’t catch meningococcal disease from casual contact.

There are some things you can do to help protect your child from meningococcal:

Get them vaccinated against meningococcal disease. The National Immunisation Program does include some strains. More info: Australian Government Health Department
Do not allow anyone to smoke in your home or around your child as children who are exposed to cigarette smoke are at a greater risk of getting meningococcal disease.
Practice good hygiene such as washing hands & sneezing into elbows, as it reduces the chance of getting bacterial infections or passing them onto others.

To make an appointment with POGS please call (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au

What Is The NIPT Test?

Mon, 09 Aug 2021 06:42:32 GMT

The ‘Non Invasive Prenatal Testing’ or NIPT is a screening test similar to the first trimester blood test ultrasound that measures the nuchal translucency thickness.

These tests give parents a risk estimate; from that, you must then decide whether you want to proceed with a risky invasive procedure such as amniocentesis, a test which samples the fluid in the womb.

When it comes to Down syndrome testing, the ‘gold standard’ is amniocentesis, an invasive procedure that samples the fluid in the womb.

The NIPT, developed in the United States, is 99 per cent accurate compared to 85-95 per cent for the traditional screening options. However it is important to remember that there are false positives (ie babies who do not have an abnormality that tests positive and false negatives (ie babies who have a chromosomal abnormality that tests negative) At this stage the POGS doctors recommend the first trimester screening to their patients and discuss the NIPT as an optional test with them. It is also helpful where the first trimester screening test is borderline.

A bonus for lots of expectant parents is that the test can be done at 10 weeks gestation, and you can find out the sex of your baby. A lot of mums love not having to wait until their 20 week scan to know the gender of her child. Unlike an ultrasound where there is still some uncertainty about if you are having a boy or a girl, this test eliminates that.

It is important to be aware that the test doesn’t eliminate all risks, but it does reduce the need for invasive procedures such as amniocentesis and the bonus is you can start designing the nursery earlier!

Call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au if you need to make an appointment.

Folate in pregnancy

Mon, 09 Aug 2021 06:31:47 GMT

Folate is a vitamin that our bodies need to make DNA, form red blood cells and grow & repair cells and tissue. It’s important that women get enough folate during pregnancy as in a developing baby, folate is needed for growth and the formation of the ‘neural tube’ – a layer of cells that goes on to form the brain and spinal cord. If this tube doesn’t fuse properly, it causes a neural tube defect such as Spina Bifida.

If you are planning on getting pregnant or are in the early stages of pregnancy, it’s best to take a daily folic acid supplement, as well as eat high-folate foods.

Folate is measured in micrograms ‘µg’ (1000 micrograms = 1 mg) and 1,000,000µg equals 1g.

Good sources of folate in food include:

green vegetables (e.g. spinach, 131µg per half cup)
legumes (e.g. black-eyed peas, 105µg per half cup)
rice (90µg per half cup)
avocado (59µg per half cup)
fruit (e.g. a small orange contains 29µg).
beef liver, braised (215µg per 85g)

How much folate do you need?

breastfeeding women – 500µg per day
pregnant women – 600µg per day

Aim for a minimum of 400µg of folate per day, for at least one month before and three months after falling pregnant if you can. Some women need more folate, so you should see your doctor for advice.

Call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au if you need to make an appointment.

Baby movement during pregnancy

Mon, 09 Aug 2021 06:12:20 GMT

It’s a wonderful feeling when you start to feel movement as your baby develops in your womb. You might start to feel your baby moving around the 18-week mark of your pregnancy. If this is your first pregnancy, it might not happen until about 20 weeks, or from your second pregnancy, as early as 16 weeks! The first movement you feel may be a fluttering or butterfly sensation. You may also feel a swishing, rolling or tumbling sensation.

When your baby becomes bigger, movements normally become more distinct and you will more easily feel kicking and elbowing (especially towards the end of the pregnancy). Babies tend to move more at certain times of day – and guess what – they may be more active while you sleep, and sleep while you’re awake!

Usually, unborn babies sleep up to 90 minutes at a time, and they don’t move when they’re asleep. You may not always feel your baby’s movements if you are busy and are not paying attention, however you should try to learn your baby’s movement pattern as it is different for each baby.

Babies’ movements should become more frequent in the third trimester. There are no set number of movements a baby should have, but if you notice anything unusual, seek out medical help as soon as possible. If you haven’t felt any movement from your baby by 24 weeks, or if you think your baby’s movements have decreased in strength or number – do not wait, contact your midwife or doctor immediately.

Your doctor or midwife will check your baby’s heart rate and movements. It is important that whenever you are concerned about your baby’s movements to contact your doctor or midwife (even if you have seen them previously about the same issue).

Call POGS on (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au if you need to make an appointment.

How to strengthen your pelvic floor muscles

Fri, 11 Dec 2020 07:42:55 GMT

There are so many benefits to strengthening your pelvic floor muscles, whether you are planning to have a baby, given birth already or are currently pregnant.

The pelvic muscles are layers of muscle that support the bladder, bowel & uterus, stretching from the pubic bone to the end of the backbone.

When your pelvic floor muscles are strong, they help you to control your bladder function, allowing you to ‘hold on’ to urine. Strong muscles also prevent potential problems such as incontinence & prolapse.

If you leak urine when you cough or sneeze, this may be a sign of weakened pelvic floor muscles. This is quite common, especially after birth.

Strengthening your pelvic floor muscles will also help your body cope with pregnancy as strong muscles before the baby is born will mend more easily after the birth.

Training your pelvic floor muscles is proven to reduce the frequency and severity of symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse.

Identify your pelvic floor muscles

Firstly, you need to identify the correct muscles & know how they “feel”. A way to do this is while over the toilet, try to stop the flow of urine for a second or two, then relax and finish emptying without straining, Please note – this is not a strengthening exercise & should only be done to identify which muscles are needed.

There are several moves you can incorporate into your daily routine that can be beneficial to strengthening these muscles.

Try these exercises to strengthen your pelvic floor muscles:

1. Kegels

Squeeze the muscles as if you are trying to stop a wee. Hold the squeeze as you count to 8 (or as long as you can) & relax for 8 seconds. Repeat as many as you can, about 8 to 12 squeezes. Repeat 3 times. Keep breathing through these exercises, without tightening your buttocks.

2. Squats

Standing upright, with your feet slightly wider than shoulder width and toes slightly pointed out. Bend your knees and push your hips back (as if you’re going to sit in a chair). Drop down until your thighs are parallel to the ground, keeping your weight in your heels and knees bowed slightly outward. Return to an upright position. Repeat.

3. Bridge

Lie on the floor with knees bent at a 90-degree angle, feet flat, and arms straight at your sides. Push through your heels, raising your hips off the ground & squeeze your glutes, hamstrings, and pelvic floor. Pause at the top and return to the starting position. Repeat.

To prevent damage to your pelvic floor muscles, you can:

Do your pelvic floor exercises regularly!
Squeeze and hold your pelvic floor muscles before you sneeze, cough or lift.
Don’t go to the toilet unnecessarily & always empty your bladder completely
Avoid constipation – drink plenty of water & eat fibre rich foods
Always try to “brace” your pelvic floor muscles (squeeze up and hold) each time before you cough, sneeze or lift

Please note, don’t overdo your Kegel exercises. If you work the muscles too hard, they’ll become tired. If you feel pain in your abdomen or back after a Kegel exercise session, it’s a sign that you’re not doing them correctly. Talk with your gynaecologist if you have any concerns.

To make an appointment with POGS please call (08) 6270 0123 or email: reception@pogs.com.au.